Political participation and defense of human rights of the LGBTTTIQ+ community in Colima: a socio-legal analysis

Abstract

This article analyzes the political participation of the LGBTTTIQ+ community in the state of Colima, Mexico, from a socio-legal perspective grounded in John Rawls’ theory of justice. Using a mixed-methods approach— including surveys, interviews, and non-participant observation —the study identifies the main barriers faced by sexually and gender-diverse individuals in exercising their human rights and building citizenship under conditions of equality. Empirical findings reveal a significant gap between the legal recognition of rights and their actual fulfillment, resulting in a fragmented form of citizenship. In particular, the principles of equality and fair difference remain unmet due to persistent discrimination, institutional exclusion, and social precarity. The article proposes three strategic lines of action aligned with the national and state legal frameworks: institutional strengthening, inclusive public policy design, and cultural transformation. It concludes that the political inclusion of the LGBTTTIQ+ community is essential for a substantive democracy, and that law, to be an instrument of social justice, must be accompanied by political will, affirmative action, and social recognition.